Vijay Diwas 16 December 2023
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Vijay Diwas is commemorated every 16 Dec to mark India’s victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war and to remember the sacrifices of her valiant soldiers. The beginning of the Indo-Pak War of 1971 goes back to the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1970, a revolution that began with the refusal of West Pakistan’s ‘Pakistan People’s Party to yield the premiership to Sheik Mujibur Rahman, leader of the Awami League, despite an absolute majority in the 1970 Pakistani elections. Following this was a cruel massacre of Biharis in East Pakistan, which in turn led to retaliation in the form of Operation Searchlight by West Pakistan. Vijay Diwas
Vijay Diwas Following this was a cruel massacre of Biharis in East Pakistan, which in turn led to retaliation in the form of Operation Searchlight by West Pakistan. By March 1971, after a series of strikes, non-cooperation movements, and military involvement which led to the death, arrest, and exile of many Awami League members and intellectuals of East Pakistan, the Awami League leaders declared the independence of Bangladesh and formed a government in exile. A widespread genocide by the West Pakistani military forces, targeting Bengalis and Hindus in East Pakistan, led to a huge number of refugees, as much as 10 million, taking shelter in India. On 27th March, the then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi decided that war with Pakistan would be more economical and in April, General Manekshaw was asked to ‘Go into East Pakistan’. By November, thousands of West Pakistan forces marched towards the border, and the massive Indian forces responded to this threat.
A widespread genocide by the West Pakistani military forces, targeting Bengalis and Hindus in East Pakistan, led to a huge number of refugees, as much as 10 million, taking shelter in India. On 27th March, the then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi decided that war with Pakistan would be more economical and in April, General Manekshaw was asked to ‘Go into East Pakistan’. By November, thousands of West Pakistan forces marched towards the border, and the massive Indian forces responded to this threat. On 3rd December, eleven airfields in north-western India were the targets of a massive pre-emptive air strike by the Pakistani Air Force, marking the declaration of war. The Indian military mobilized troops immediately and that very night, the Indian Air Force retaliated with an initial air strike. Vijay Diwas
On 3rd December, eleven airfields in north-western India were the targets of a massive pre-emptive air strike by the Pakistani Air Force, marking the declaration of war. The Indian military mobilized troops immediately and that very night, the Indian Air Force retaliated with an initial air strike. A thirteen-day war ensued, where the Indian forces coordinated a massive air, sea, and land assault. Despite Pakistani forces attacking the borders on the west, the Indian troops held their ground, while on the eastern front, they launched a massive attack employing blitzkrieg techniques. Within a fortnight, the Pakistani military faced heavy casualties and met with insurmountable losses. On 16th December, the West Pakistan forces stationed in East Pakistan surrendered. The Instrument of Surrender was signed on this day and the short but vicious war came to an end. It was a clear victory for the Indian military and the war stripped Pakistan of nearly half of its population and Vijay Diwas
It was a clear victory for the Indian military and the war stripped Pakistan of nearly half of its population and one-third of its army was in captivity. The 1972 Simla Agreement resulted in the release of the Pakistani prisoners of war, the recognition of Bangladesh as an independent State, and the ceding of land captured by Indian troops during the war. Vijay Diwas
The bravery of the Indian troops, exemplary skill, determination, and above all, love for the country brought this historic victory, which changed the course of history for the Indian subcontinent forever. It is the duty of every Indian to remember these brave hearts, who made their supreme sacrifice for our safe and brighter tomorrow. #Vijay Diwas
The War
The Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 lasted for thirteen days, making it one of the shortest wars in history. During the crisis between East and West Pakistan, in the year 1971, a struggle for independence was born. With the increasingly brutal effects of the Bangladesh Liberation War, refugees started pouring into the already economically strained state of India. India could no longer bear a passive witness to the struggle and decided to intervene, leading to the infamous Indo-Pak War of 1971. #Vijay Diwas
BACKGROUND:
In the 1970 Pakistani elections, the Awami League of East Pakistan secured an absolute majority and consequently should have claimed the premiership of Pakistan. However, the leader of the Pakistan People’s Party of the traditionally dominant West Pakistan refused their claims. #Vijay Diwas
Following this, there was widespread dissent among the people of East Pakistan. The then President Yahya Khan called on the military to suppress the dissent and on the 1st of March, he convened the National Assembly. In retaliation, they began targeting ethnic Bihari people who had supported West Pakistan.
This, in turn, paved the way for West Pakistan to commence Operation Searchlight.
On 26 March 1971, Ziaur Rahman declared the independence of Bangladesh on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. #Vijay Diwas
INDIA’S INVOLVEMENT WITH THE LIBERATION WAR:
This, in turn, led to the fleeing of around 10 million refugees into Indian states. This set up a severe strain on the Indian economy. #Vijay Diwas
On 27th March 1971, Indira Gandhi expressed her support for the Bangladesh independence struggle. She decided that war with Pakistan would be the most economical solution and on 28th April, the Cabinet asked General Manekshaw to go into East Pakistan. By the end of September, the refugee camps witnessed recruiting and training of troops, and the air in Pakistan had changed as well. People were campaigning to ‘Crush India’.
OFFICIAL ENGAGEMENT WITH PAKISTAN:
By the month of November, it seemed that the war was inevitable. Indian troops began building up near the Eastern border.
The 23rd of November witnessed President Yahya Khan declaring a state of emergency and instructing his people to prepare for war. #Vijay Diwas
The official beginning of the war occurred on the evening of 3rd December. Pakistani air force launched a pre-emptive airstrike on eleven Indian airfields. However, this attempt, known as Operation Chengiz Khan, was unsuccessful and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced that the strikes were a declaration of war against India. The Indian Air Force retaliated that very night and launched a counterattack, achieving aerial superiority.
Following this Indira Gandhi ordered the mobilization of troops and launched a full-scale invasion with an integrated air, sea, and land attack. #Vijay Diwas
NAVAL OPERATIONS:
On the eastern front, the Indian Eastern Naval Command, under the leadership of Vice Admiral Krishnan, completely isolated East Pakistan by means of a naval blockade in the Bay of Bengal, trapping the Eastern Pakistani Navy and eight foreign merchant ships in their ports.
Pakistan attempted to retaliate by deploying the deadly submarine PNS Ghazi, however, it sank off Visakhapatnam’s coast, presumably due to a strategy developed by the Vice Admiral to trick the Pakistani naval forces. #Vijay Diwas
On 9th December, the Indian Navy lost the INS Khukri at the hands of the Pakistani submarine PNS Hanger.
On the western front of the war, the Indian Navy, under the command of Vice Admiral S.N. Kohli, launched Operation Trident on the night of 4th December. They managed to successfully attack Karachi’s port using missile boats and sank Pakistani destroyer PNS Khyber and minesweeper PNS Muhafiz, also damaging PNS Shah Jahan.
Considering the naval hostilities, India achieved a clear victory, taking down nearly half of Pakistan’s naval forces. #Vijay Diwas
AIR OPERATIONS:
On the aerial front, the IAF acted in quick response to the pre-emptive strikes on the airbases. They established a mass retaliation to the airstrikes and continued to battle the…
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